Indonesia's independence debt

By the Hague (Round Table) Agreement, concluded on 2 November 1949 and ratified by both sides in December, the Netherlands transferred sovereignty over the Dutch East Indies (done on 27 December), and the new republic in return guaranteed Dutch investors and took over some 4.3 to 4.5 billion guilders of the colonial government's debt (sources differ). Indonesian nationalists objected to the debt among other terms; Indonesia had paid nearly 4 billion guilders by 1956, when its parliament revoked the agreement and payments on the remaining 600 to 650 million stopped.

The mechanism

THE CLOCK

How it was checked

• EvidenceT5 INDEPENDENT SECULAR; Status: ADDED 2026-09-19
• Letter eraTHE REGATHERING AND THE RAIL 1947 to 1993
• SourcesRECORD — Britannica, 'Hague Agreement' · checked 19 September: Britannica (read in a browser; WebFetch is refused by the site), 'Hague Agreement'; Wikipedia, 'Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference' (ratification dates; payments to 1956); Lambert Giebels, De Groene Amsterdammer, 5 January 2000, in English translation at Histori Bersama